What is a Hernia

11/12/2024

A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weakened spot in the tissue that holds it in place,” states Todd Belott, MD, general surgeon at Lakeside Physicians in Granbury and Stephenville. “Most hernias involve the abdomen, but they can also occur in the upper high, groin and belly button."

Types of Hernias

Inguinal hernia: The most common type, inguinal hernias occur when the intestines push through a weak spot in the lower abdominal wall, often in the inguinal canal. They are more common in men due to the natural weakness in this area.

Hiatal hernia: In this type, part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. Hiatal hernias are associated with symptoms of acid reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Umbilical hernia: Umbilical hernias occur near the belly button and are common in infants. However, they can also appear in adults, especially those who are overweight or after pregnancy.

Femoral hernia: Similar to inguinal hernias but less common, femoral hernias occur when part of the intestine protrudes into the femoral canal, located in the upper thigh. They are more common in women, particularly after pregnancy.

Incisional hernia: After surgery, the abdominal wall may weaken at the incision site, leading to an incisional hernia. This type is more likely in individuals who are overweight or have undergone multiple surgeries in the same area.

Causes of Hernias

Hernias are often caused by a combination of pressure and a weak spot in the muscle or connective tissue. Some common factors that contribute to the development of hernias include:

• Heavy lifting
• Persistent coughing
• Straining during bowel movements or urination
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Chronic constipation
• Previous surgeries or injuries in the affected area

Symptoms of Hernias

The symptoms of a hernia depend on its location and size. In many cases, a bulge or lump can be seen in the affected area, especially when standing or straining. Other common symptoms include:

• Pain or discomfort, especially when bending over, coughing or lifting
• A burning or aching sensation at the site of the bulge
• Weakness or pressure it the abdomen
• In severe cases, nausea, vomiting and difficulty passing gas or having a bowel movement, which may indicate a strangulated hernia (a medical emergency where the blood supply to the herniated tissue is cut off)

Diagnosis of Hernias

Hernias are typically diagnosed through a physical examination. The doctor may ask the patient to stand, cough or strain while they feel for a bulge in the abdomen or groin area. In some cases, imaging tests such as an ultrasound, CT scan or MRI may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis or evaluate the extent of the hernia.

Treatment Options for Hernias

While small, asymptomatic hernias may not require immediate treatment, most hernias will eventually need to be repaired to avoid complications. The main treatments for hernias include:

Watchful waiting: For small hernias that are not causing significant symptoms, doctors may recommend a “wait-and-see” approach, monitoring the hernia for changes over time.

Hernia trusses or belts: These devices may provide temporary relief by applying pressure to the hernia and keeping it in place. However, they do not treat the hernia and are not a long-term solution.

Open hernia repair: A commonly performed procedure that involves making one line incision over the location of the hernia. In some cases, mesh is placed over the muscle in order to reinforce the weakened tissue.

Robotic hernia repair: This minimally invasive procedure involves making several small incisions in the abdomen and using a robotic laparoscope — a thin tube with a camera — to guide the surgery. The hernia is repaired from the inside, typically with mesh reinforcement. Robotic surgery generally leads to quicker recovery times and less postoperative pain compared to open surgery.

Prevention of Hernias

While not all hernias can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes can reduce the risk:

Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight puts extra pressure on the abdominal muscles.

Exercise regularly: Strengthening the core muscles can help prevent weakness in the abdominal wall.

Lift properly: Use proper lifting techniques to avoid straining the muscles.

Avoid straining: Manage conditions like constipation or chronic coughing to reduce strain on the abdomen.

Hernias are a common medical condition that can cause discomfort and, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications. While surgery is the most effective treatment for hernias, lifestyle changes and preventive measures can help reduce the risk of recurrence. If you suspect you have a hernia, it’s essential to seek medical advice to determine the best course of action.

For more information or to schedule an appointment with Dr. Belott, please call 817-579-7562 or visit https://lakegranburymedical.com/ToddBelott.

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