What Causes High Blood Pressure
2/28/2025
“High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a common condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high,” mentions Dr. Michael Ibe, general and interventional cardiologist at Lakeside Physicians. “It increases the risk of serious health problems, including heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease.”
Hypertension is often referred to as a "silent killer" because it may not cause noticeable symptoms, but understanding its causes can help in prevention and management.
Primary vs. Secondary Hypertension
Hypertension is classified into two main types based on its causes.
Primary (essential) hypertension develops gradually over time and accounts for most cases. While the exact cause is unknown, several factors contribute to its development:
- Genetics: A family history of high blood pressure increases the risk.
- Age: Blood pressure tends to rise as people age.
- Lifestyle Factors: Poor diet (especially high in salt), lack of physical activity, and excessive alcohol consumption play a significant role.
- Obesity: Excess weight strains the heart and blood vessels, increasing blood pressure.
Secondary hypertension occurs due to an underlying medical condition or the use of certain medications. Common causes include:
- Kidney Diseases: Impaired kidney function can disrupt fluid and electrolyte balance, leading to high blood pressure.
- Hormonal Disorders: Conditions like hyperthyroidism or Cushing's syndrome can raise blood pressure.
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea: This condition interrupts normal breathing during sleep, contributing to hypertension.
- Medications: Certain drugs, including decongestants, birth control pills, and pain relievers, can elevate blood pressure.
Modifiable Risk Factors
Some lifestyle factors that contribute to high blood pressure include:
- Dietary Salt Intake: Excess sodium increases fluid retention, which raises blood pressure.
- Low Potassium Intake: Potassium helps balance sodium levels, and a deficiency can contribute to hypertension.
- Physical Inactivity: Sedentary behavior weakens the heart and vascular system.
- Stress: Chronic stress may lead to temporary increases in blood pressure that, over time, can become persistent.
“High blood pressure often results from a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and medical factors,” states Dr. Levi Rice, general and interventional cardiologist at Lakeside Physicians. “Regular monitoring, a balanced diet, exercise, and addressing underlying conditions are essential for prevention and control.”
For more information on high blood pressure or to schedule an appointment with either Dr. Michael Ibe or Dr. Levi Rice, please call (817) 579-3970.
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